Online Calculators

Online calculators are provided by Beaver Creek Analytical, LLC on an "as is" basis. Users assume all risk associated with its use, and Beaver Creek Analytical, LLC expressly disclaims any and all liability for errors, inaccuracies, or any expenses or damages resulting from the use of or reliance upon the information provided by this calculator.

Gas calculations are based on solubilities determined using marine air and are subject to uncertainties derived from the determination of their actual atmospheric concentration. Assumed atmospheric dry partial pressures are adapted from NOAA:

Nitrogen = 78.084 %

Oxygen = 20.946 %

Argon = 0.934 %

Carbon dioxide = 0.042* %

Neon = 18.182 ppmV

Helium = 5.24 ppmV

Methane = 1.92* ppmV

Krypton = 1.14 ppmV

Hydrogen = 0.55* ppmV

Carbon Monoxide = 0.10* ppmV

Xenon = 0.087 ppmV

*known to have considerable variability

Sources

McDougall, T.J. and P.M. Barker, 2011: Getting started with TEOS-10 and the Gibbs Seawater (GSW) Oceanographic Toolbox, 28pp., SCOR/IAPSO WG127, ISBN 978-0-646-55621-5.

Humphreys, M. P., Schiller, A. J., Sandborn, D. E., Gregor, L., Pierrot, D., van Heuven, S. M. A. C., Lewis, E. R., and Wallace, D. W. R. (2024). PyCO2SYS: marine carbonate system calculations in Python. Zenodo. doi:10.5281/zenodo.3744275.

Garcia, H. E.; Gordon, L. I. Oxygen Solubility in Seawater: Better Fitting Equations. Limnol. Oceanogr. 1992, 37 (6), 1307–1312. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1992.37.6.1307.

Hamme, R. C.; Emerson, S. R. The Solubility of Neon, Nitrogen and Argon in Distilled Water and Seawater. Deep Sea Res. Part I 2004, 51 (11), 1517–1528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2004.06.009.

Jenkins, W. J.; Lott, D. E.; Cahill, K. L. A Determination of Atmospheric Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, and Xenon Solubility Concentrations in Water and Seawater. Marine Chemistry 2019, 211, 94–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2019.03.007.

Wiesenburg, D.A.; Guinasso, N.L. Equilibrium Solubilities of Methane, Carbon Monoxide, and Hydrogen in Water and Seawater. J. Chem. Eng. Data, 1979, 24(4), 356–360. https://doi.org/10.1021/je60083a006.

H. L. Clever and C. L. Young, Eds., IUPAC Solubility Data Series, Vol. 27/28, Methane, Pergamon Press, Oxford, England, 1987.

Partial Pressure from Dissolved Gas

Calculate the concentration of partial pressure of gases in seawater given a specified aqueous content and condition.

This calculator uses equilibrium formulas from academic literature that were intended for use with:

Atmosphere-like gas compositions
Barometric pressure near 1 atm
Temperature between 0 and 30°C
Salinity between 0 and 40 psu

Using input values that go beyond these ranges will generate extrapolations with increasing levels of uncertainty due to non-ideal effects. The calculator requires mindful use.

Sources

McDougall, T.J. and P.M. Barker, 2011: Getting started with TEOS-10 and the Gibbs Seawater (GSW) Oceanographic Toolbox, 28pp., SCOR/IAPSO WG127, ISBN 978-0-646-55621-5.

Garcia, H. E.; Gordon, L. I. Oxygen Solubility in Seawater: Better Fitting Equations. Limnol. Oceanogr. 1992, 37 (6), 1307–1312. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1992.37.6.1307.

Hamme, R. C.; Emerson, S. R. The Solubility of Neon, Nitrogen and Argon in Distilled Water and Seawater. Deep Sea Res. Part I 2004, 51 (11), 1517–1528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2004.06.009.

H. L. Clever and C. L. Young, Eds., IUPAC Solubility Data Series, Vol. 27/28, Methane, Pergamon Press, Oxford, England, 1987.

Dissolved Gas from Partial Pressure

Calculate the aqueous concentration of dissolved gases in seawater given a specified equilibration gas composition and condition.

This calculator uses equilibrium formulas from academic literature that were intended for use with:

Atmosphere-like gas compositions
Barometric pressure near 1 atm
Temperature between 0 and 30°C
Salinity between 0 and 40 psu

Using input values that go beyond these ranges will generate extrapolations with increasing levels of uncertainty due to non-ideal effects. The calculator requires mindful use.

Sources

McDougall, T.J. and P.M. Barker, 2011: Getting started with TEOS-10 and the Gibbs Seawater (GSW) Oceanographic Toolbox, 28pp., SCOR/IAPSO WG127, ISBN 978-0-646-55621-5.

Garcia, H. E.; Gordon, L. I. Oxygen Solubility in Seawater: Better Fitting Equations. Limnol. Oceanogr. 1992, 37 (6), 1307–1312. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1992.37.6.1307.

Hamme, R. C.; Emerson, S. R. The Solubility of Neon, Nitrogen and Argon in Distilled Water and Seawater. Deep Sea Res. Part I 2004, 51 (11), 1517–1528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2004.06.009.

H. L. Clever and C. L. Young, Eds., IUPAC Solubility Data Series, Vol. 27/28, Methane, Pergamon Press, Oxford, England, 1987.